We have some experience with what happened from Windows XP, 7 and 8 EOL.
Windows Defender Updates will continue to work fine for years. Emergency OS patches for newly discovered severe security issues have happened after EOL but they are rare.
Per Google policy, Chrome will no longer be able to be updated 1 year after OS EOL. There was an exception made for Windows 7 when support was extended an additional 2 years due to the pandemic, but then they decided to discontinue 8.1 support on the same day so that only got 1 month after its EOL! Given that MS Edge is based on Chromium, that will stop being updated at the same time.
Firefox will get a feature-frozen ESR version supported for at least 4 years, but as fewer and fewer people will be using it over time and reporting bugs, it won't be as well maintained as the main branch and will begin to work progressively worse.
Your machine should run Windows 11 unsupported just fine for some time but as this combination is untested, you get to be the guinea pig alpha tester and discover any bugs firsthand.
It would be a good idea to test drive some linux distros to see if you can tolerate them and do your work with them, especially if your Windows 11 can get borked at any time. Fortunately most can be live-booted without installation, so you can both try many to see what you like, as well as keep one around to boot from in case of emergency.